In the world, developed countries bring influential members of society, merchants, professors, politicians, officials, and other individuals in relatively weaker countries under their influence so that these individuals work for them. When these individuals act against the national interests of their own country for foreigners, they are then referred to as spies.
Afghanistan, located in the heart of Asia, has remained politically significant at various times throughout history due to its strategic position. This is why it occasionally attracts international attention, with efforts to increase influence in the region.
Although the republic systems in Afghanistan have always collapsed due to conflicts with the people’s interests, the recent fallen republic is noteworthy because, on one hand, it ruled for a longer period than others, and on the other hand, it received stronger foreign support than others.
The fallen republic had countless negative points, but the most notable was that its formation was filled with agents of foreign espionage networks. The United States, European Union, India, Iran, Pakistan, Turkey, England, and Russia are considered the major countries that had a significant number of spies in the fallen republic. Among these spies, some were trusted by the people from the beginning, but others later became notorious in society due to their espionage activities.
Hamid Karzai and Ashraf Ghani were the highest-ranking officials of the Republic, but they were under direct American influence, and all their actions were carried out under their guidance. The influence of the United States over Hamid Karzai is evident from the Bonn Conference, as he was elected with a few votes against Sitar Sirot. The reasons why the Americans later removed them from the scene are different, but their statements upon being ousted from power made it clear that their interests could no longer be served. Ashraf Ghani first fell into the embrace of the United States while studying in Lebanon and later in the United States, which eventually led them to the presidency in Afghanistan.
Since the presidents, almost all officials have been spying for one country or another. Amrullah Saleh, who held high positions during both terms of the republic, was under the direct influence of Tajikistan, India, and the United States, thereby playing the role of a spy for a few countries. Abdul Rashid Dostum, who later attained the rank of Marshal, maintained relations with Russia after the April coup and acted as their spy, but recently emerged as a key spy for Turkey.
Astad Abdul Rab Rasul Sayyaf, who was considered a religious scholar, issued fatwas against anti-republic groups in favor of the United States. During the jihad, Sayyaf was influenced by American funding, which led him to support the occupation and the republic against their invasion, proving his loyalty. Mohqiq, Khalili, several other Shia officials, and Atta Muhammad Noor were spying for Iran. Dr. Abdullah Abdullah also supported Russia due to his membership in the coalition, but during the elections, he also leaned towards the West, becoming a two-dimensional spy like Saleh.
Hamidullah Mohib, who was an advisor to the National Security Council, also held U.S. citizenship alongside his Afghan nationality, indicating extensive connections with them. Similarly, Sami Sadat, Khushal Sadat, Asadullah Khalid, General Abdul Razeq, and several others were defenders and protectors of the Americans in the military sector. Although they were under American influence in the military, some officials worked for Russia, like the last defense minister of the republic, Bismillah Mohammadi.
As a result, it can be said that the fallen republic was a strong base for foreign spies and carried out activities for them in various sectors. The connections and support between the spy officials and foreign allies were based on various factors. Their true faces became even more notorious when, with the fall of the republic, every spy returned to the same country from which they had been sent to Afghanistan under the guise of officials.
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